See -astrijā on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -astrijā meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-estre"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -estre, -istræ, -istre, -ystre\nMiddle English: -estere, -ester, -estre, -ister, -istre, -star, -stare, -ster, -stere, -uster, -ysstere\nEnglish: -ster\n⇒ English: -stress\nScots: -ster",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -estre, -istræ, -istre, -ystre\nMiddle English: -estere, -ester, -estre, -ister, -istre, -star, -stare, -ster, -stere, -uster, -ysstere\nEnglish: -ster\n⇒ English: -stress\nScots: -ster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ster",
"name": "desctree"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-stere"
},
"expansion": "-stere",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ster, -stere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: -ster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: -ster"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: -ster",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: -ster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*-istra"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *-istra",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *-istra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-ester"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -ester",
"name": "desctree"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "-ster",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -ester, -ster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*-istra"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *-istra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *-istra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -ster",
"name": "desctree"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*-stere"
},
"expansion": "*-stere",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -ster, *-stere"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -ster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -ster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*-astria",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old High German: *-astria",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old High German: *-astria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wagastria",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: wagastria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: wagastria"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "-istria"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin -istria",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "eowestre"
},
"expansion": "Old English eowestre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "-astrī",
"pos": "a neuter ja-stem; they see this form surviving in relics such as Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">eowestre</i>"
},
"expansion": "-astrī (a neuter ja-stem; they see this form surviving in relics such as Old English eowestre)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-jā"
},
"expansion": "*-jā",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-astriją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-astriją",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-istrą"
},
"expansion": "*-istrą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-astrą"
},
"expansion": "*-astrą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ją"
},
"expansion": "*-ją",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-astri",
"pos": "an ī/jō-stem"
},
"expansion": "*-astri (an ī/jō-stem)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-astri"
},
"expansion": "*-astri",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-sr-ih₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-sr-ih₂",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-sōr"
},
"expansion": "*-sōr",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ih₂"
},
"expansion": "*-ih₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "*-ārī",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; multiple origins have been suggested, but none has received widespread approval.\n* Despite the similarity of the suffix to Vulgar Latin -istria, borrowing from it is now usually rejected because of the large number of Old English formations where this suffix is applied to native roots.\n* Davis and Bammesberger derive it from earlier -astrī (a neuter ja-stem; they see this form surviving in relics such as Old English eowestre) suffixed with *-jā, from Proto-Germanic *-astriją, itself a suffixation of *-istrą, *-astrą with *-ją.\n* Gąsiorowski instead considers this suffix to be an extension of earlier *-astri (an ī/jō-stem), with replacement of the unproductive ī/jō-stem endings with more common ōn-stem endings. He suggests that *-astri originates from Proto-Indo-European *-sr-ih₂, a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂; he also suggests a relation to Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz (see *-ārī).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-astrijā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-astrijā",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ress: Forms feminine agent nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--astrijā-gmw-pro-suffix-oB311YHv",
"links": [
[
"-ress",
"-ress"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-astrijā"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-estre"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -estre, -istræ, -istre, -ystre\nMiddle English: -estere, -ester, -estre, -ister, -istre, -star, -stare, -ster, -stere, -uster, -ysstere\nEnglish: -ster\n⇒ English: -stress\nScots: -ster",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -estre, -istræ, -istre, -ystre\nMiddle English: -estere, -ester, -estre, -ister, -istre, -star, -stare, -ster, -stere, -uster, -ysstere\nEnglish: -ster\n⇒ English: -stress\nScots: -ster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ster",
"name": "desctree"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-stere"
},
"expansion": "-stere",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ster, -stere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: -ster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: -ster"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: -ster",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: -ster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*-istra"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *-istra",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *-istra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-ester"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: -ester",
"name": "desctree"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "-ster",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: -ester, -ster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*-istra"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *-istra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *-istra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -ster",
"name": "desctree"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "*-stere"
},
"expansion": "*-stere",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -ster, *-stere"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ster"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -ster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -ster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*-astria",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old High German: *-astria",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old High German: *-astria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wagastria",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: wagastria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: wagastria"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "-istria"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin -istria",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "eowestre"
},
"expansion": "Old English eowestre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "-astrī",
"pos": "a neuter ja-stem; they see this form surviving in relics such as Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">eowestre</i>"
},
"expansion": "-astrī (a neuter ja-stem; they see this form surviving in relics such as Old English eowestre)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-jā"
},
"expansion": "*-jā",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-astriją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-astriją",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-istrą"
},
"expansion": "*-istrą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-astrą"
},
"expansion": "*-astrą",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ją"
},
"expansion": "*-ją",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-astri",
"pos": "an ī/jō-stem"
},
"expansion": "*-astri (an ī/jō-stem)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-astri"
},
"expansion": "*-astri",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-sr-ih₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-sr-ih₂",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-sōr"
},
"expansion": "*-sōr",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ih₂"
},
"expansion": "*-ih₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "*-ārī",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; multiple origins have been suggested, but none has received widespread approval.\n* Despite the similarity of the suffix to Vulgar Latin -istria, borrowing from it is now usually rejected because of the large number of Old English formations where this suffix is applied to native roots.\n* Davis and Bammesberger derive it from earlier -astrī (a neuter ja-stem; they see this form surviving in relics such as Old English eowestre) suffixed with *-jā, from Proto-Germanic *-astriją, itself a suffixation of *-istrą, *-astrą with *-ją.\n* Gąsiorowski instead considers this suffix to be an extension of earlier *-astri (an ī/jō-stem), with replacement of the unproductive ī/jō-stem endings with more common ōn-stem endings. He suggests that *-astri originates from Proto-Indo-European *-sr-ih₂, a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂; he also suggests a relation to Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz (see *-ārī).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-on",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-astrijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-astrijā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-on"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-astrijā",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"-ress: Forms feminine agent nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"-ress",
"-ress"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-astrijā"
}
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